quang sai

quang sai

Một nhà thiên văn học quan sát hiện tượng quang sai qua kính thiên văn.

Definition
  1. Noun (Physics/Optics):
    • Aberration: An optical effect where light rays from a single point source do not converge (meet) at a single point after passing through a lens or reflecting from a mirror, causing a blurred or imperfect image.
    • Aberration (in Astronomy): The apparent displacement of a celestial object (like a star) from its true position, caused by the combination of the finite speed of light and the motion of the observer (e.g., Earth's orbit).
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • Thấu kính chất lượng cao được thiết kế để giảm thiểu quang sai. (A high-quality lens is designed to minimize aberration.)
    • Quang sai thiên văn là một hiệu ứng quan trọng cần được tính toán chính xác. (Astronomical aberration is an important effect that must be calculated accurately.)
    • Hiện tượng quang sai màu xảy ra do ánh sáng các màu khác nhau bị khúc xạ khác nhau. (Chromatic aberration occurs because light of different colors is refracted differently.)
Advanced Usage
  • "Quang sai cầu" (Spherical Aberration): A type of aberration where light rays striking the edges of a spherical lens or mirror are focused at a different point than rays striking near the center.
    • Kính viễn vọng phản xạ thường sử dụng gương parabolic để loại bỏ quang sai cầu. (Reflecting telescopes often use parabolic mirrors to eliminate spherical aberration.)
  • "Quang sai màu" (Chromatic Aberration): A type of aberration where a lens fails to focus all colors (wavelengths) of light to the same convergence point, resulting in colored fringes around images.
    • Các ống kính apochromatic được chế tạo đặc biệt để giảm quang sai màu. (Apochromatic lenses are specially made to reduce chromatic aberration.)
Variants and Related Words
  • Sai số quang học (n): Optical error. A more general term for imperfections in an optical system.
  • Độ méo ảnh (n): Image distortion. While related, this often refers to geometric distortion rather than focus error.
Synonyms
  • Optical defect: A flaw in an image produced by an optical system.
  • Image imperfection: A general term for any flaw in a formed image.
Related Scientific Concepts
  • Khúc xạ (Refraction): The bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another, which is the underlying cause of many aberrations.
  • Tiêu điểm (Focal point): The point where light rays converge, which is disrupted by aberration.